tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68048021527463181402024-03-16T23:38:00.388+00:00I Have Two Questions......where former classmates discuss international business, global politics, technology issues, and other random stuff.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.comBlogger58125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-32872159088166041822009-11-05T16:27:00.003+00:002009-11-05T16:44:07.769+00:00Brazil, others squeeze China in scramble for Africa<p><span style="color:#000000;">By: Reuters<br />Published: 04 Nov 09 </span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">China is leading the pack in the 21st century 'scramble for Africa' but anybody who thinks Beijing has the continent sewn up need only glance at the passport of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">By the time he first visited the European Union in 2007, four years after coming to office, Lula had racked up six trips to Africa, covering 16 countries.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Then, in July, he was guest of honour at an African Union summit in Libya, a reminder to Beijing ahead of its second Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in Egypt on November 8 to 9 that it is not alone in courting the continent and its raw materials.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Reflecting Lula's push, Brazil's annual trade with Africa has jumped from $3,1-billion in 2000 to $26,3-billion last year, a rate of growth outpaced only by China, which has seen two-way commerce soar tenfold this decade to $107-billion.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">China has now eclipsed the United States as the continent's biggest trading partner.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">"The balance of commercial power has shifted entirely," said Martyn Davies of Frontier Advisory, a South Africa-based consultancy for investors in emerging African markets.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">"This is not something new -- it's just been accelerated by the economic crisis. It's towards inter-emerging market trade, rather than the traditional north-south trade."</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">It is not only Brazil and China that are muscling in on Africa. The two other members of the so-called BRICs grouping -- India and Russia -- are also setting up stall in a region that for generations European powers regarded as their own back yard.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Indian trade with Africa has jumped from $4,9-billion to $32-billion this decade, a similar growth trajectory to Brazil.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">However, in terms of foreign direct investment in the last six years, India leads the way with 130 projects, compared to 86 from China and 25 from Brazil, according to research by South Africa's Standard Bank.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Both Brazil and India are also happy to use their cultural and linguistic links to advance their causes.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Besides sharing a language with Mozambique and Angola through common Portuguese heritage, nearly one in two Brazilians claims some African ancestry, while South Africa is home to more people of Indian origin than anywhere outside the subcontinent.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">THE RUSSIANS ARE ALSO COMING<br />In the last 12 months, Russia has also launched a major diplomatic and trade offensive in Africa, with Mikhail Margelov, its envoy to Sudan, declaring in January that Russia was "back in Africa" and ready to play a "more active role".</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">His comments were followed within six months by a high profile visit by President Dmitry Medvedev to Egypt, Nigeria, Namibia and Angola to shore up Russian energy, mining, construction and telecommunications deals.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">"These forays and the commercial deals which follow them are for the first time in 50 years forcing Western countries to play catch-up on a continent in which they have always maintained unlimited commercial access," Standard Bank said last month.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">The rise of competing sources of trade and investment also fulfils the ambitions of many African countries to free themselves from overdependence on commercial ties to one or two Western partners, in particular the United States.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Besides energy and minerals, which make up the lion's share of African exports to the BRICs countries, there is growing interest in its arable land -- less than 25% of which is cultivated -- as a source of food for export.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">Probably typical of the deals of the future is the $1-billion China lent Angola in March to develop a farming sector devastated by a 27-year civil war that only ended in 2002.</span></p><p><span style="color:#000000;">"Africa's agricultural potential will become an increasingly potent driver of the BRICs commercial engagement with the continent," Standard Bank said in a report.</span></p><p><a href="http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/brazil-others-squeeze-china-in-scramble-for-africa-2009-11-04"><span style="color:#000000;">http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/brazil-others-squeeze-china-in-scramble-for-africa-2009-11-04</span></a></p>Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-64636431104395352542009-07-18T09:51:00.006+01:002009-07-20T10:35:56.370+01:00Jugaad Part 2: Clinton in IndiaAfter all that talk of mobile phones and business models and meeting needs in my last post, I wake up this morning to <a href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200907181331.htm">read</a>:<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">'Ms. Clinton hoped that India would leapfrog the dirty technologies that are leading to climate change "just as it has leapfrogged from having few phones to now having more than 500 million, mostly cellphones." '</span><br /><br /><br />I'm wondering how the Indian government is going to argue with that. Especially when <a href="http://www.selco-india.com/pdfs/a_bright%20idea_that_helped_india.pdf">innovative 'jugaad-like' business models have already been used to spread solar electricity</a> through (hitherto unelectrified) tracts of rural India (FT reprint).<br /><br />That isn't to say the Indian government's arguments on climate change are entirely without merit - it's just that they'll have to adjust their position now, especially if, as the article says:<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">'She said they would have "more intense discussions" on the subject with Indian officials in "<span style="font-weight: bold;">both public and private sectors</span>" during her trip that will take her to New Delhi Sunday </span>[emphasis added]<span style="font-style: italic;">'.<br /><br /></span>I wonder what's up. I can see, however, that Hillary Clinton is well informed.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Update, July 20:</span> It seems that the Indian government did argue with it. Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh (an MIT Tech Pol grad, by the way - so he's a sort of distant cousin of ours) <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS-India-India-wont-accept-any-legally-binding-emission-reductions-Jairam-Ramesh/articleshow/4795816.cms">says</a> that New Delhi "is "simply not in a position" to sign up to enforceable emissions targets, even while the Indian government is committed to fighting climate change.<br /><br />I think this last deserves a separate post (which I'll try and do later) - there's more to this than is immediately obvious, I think.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span>RNhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08186223256896404183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-72121055097163418052009-07-17T06:32:00.005+01:002009-07-17T18:42:31.078+01:00'Jugaad', and improvised innovation in IndiaFascinating article in the <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124745880685131765.html">WSJ</a>, of all places, on the Indian tradition of <span style="font-style: italic;">jugaad</span> - innovation based on improvisation, here in India.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Jugaad is</span> a cultural tradition that's beginning to become a very powerful economic driver here, and Devita Saraf is right to have pointed it out.<br /><br />I don't know if any of you are familiar with the writer <a href="http://www.nealstephenson.com/">Neal Stephenson</a> - one of the great science fiction writers of our time, but also a superbly keen cultural commentator. In his masterpiece, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/12/books/science-fiction.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/S/Stephenson,%20Neal&scp=3&sq=The%20Diamond%20Age&st=cse"><span style="font-style: italic;">The</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Diamond Age</span></a>, Stephenson comments on the 'ancient relationship' between 'forgers' and 'honers'. Forgers are the go-getters with the world-changing ideas - who, after releasing a great new idea, forget all about it and go on to the next great thing. Honers are the people who tinker with the ideas that get left behind, refine them, and get them to do things that their 'forger' creators never imagined were possible.<br /><br />You'll see a lot of the latter going on in India - as Devita Saraf says, it defines how innovation is happening in India today. It's driven by a pretty basic compulsion.<br /><br />India has this diverse, deep, broad range of <span style="font-style: italic;">needs</span> - driven by people fighting their way out of poverty, particularly in the rural hinterlands. This is increasingly backed by money, creating enormous new <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/178814/page/2">markets</a> for everything from transportation to electricity - a '<a href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/178814/page/2">boom from the bottom</a>', as Newsweek<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> puts it.<br /><br />Accessing those needs, however is difficult: Markets are physically difficult to reach (in the rural hinterlands), economically difficult to access (because of low per capita affordability thresholds), and - because fifty years of socialist government apathy - have a sub-par infrastructure, with which to reach them. (How do you sell electricity to a rural village, when the state electricity board hasn't built power lines there in the last half century?)<br /><br />This challenges Indian entrepreneurs, in our bottom-up economy: domestic markets represent a lucrative and safe business opportunity, but the opportunity can't be reached without some serious <span style="font-style: italic;">innovation</span>. (If you want to sell villagers electricity, you'll have to use distributed power sources - <a href="http://www.selco-india.com/">solar panels</a>, say.)<br /><br />India's got a fairly good science and technology research infrastructure here , and a very good talent pool - but the public research network doesn't do very well at commercialisation. This means that emerging technologies aren't yet a viable source of such innovation.<br /><br />The result - is a lot of tinkering. As Saraf points out, Indian entrepreneurs can't yet draw very easily on the public research infrastructure, so they use business model innovation to open up new domestic markets, and drive technology (and therefore, solutions) adoption. This is leading to some of the most exciting economic trends in the world.<br /><br />Take telecom, for example. The telecom sector was crippled for decades by <a href="http://lirneasia.net/2009/05/reflecting-on-indian-telecom-policy-remembering-the-bad-old-days/">unbridled government apathy</a>. Today, however, Indian mobile phone call rates are the <a href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/worldbiz/archives/2009/03/09/2003437962">lowest</a> in the world - because our telecom companies use <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-Publishing/dp/0131877291/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1247809912&sr=8-1">bottom-of-the-pyramid</a> <a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/International__Business/Telcos_gear_cos_trawl_bottom_of_the_pyramid/articleshow/2058409.cms">revenue models</a>, that reach hundreds of millions of people with low affordability thresholds. This drives an enormous market for mobile phones and services, and a huge amount of economic activity transacted on them.<br /><br />The knock-on effects are huge, and wide-ranging. In my own port city of Chennai, India, I see fishermen coming in from the sea calling their wives on their mobile phones. The wives are already located in the fish-markets, know what the prices are for different kinds of fish, and can tell their husbands what part of the catch to bring in - to which market, in which part of the city. Guess what that does for profitability?<br /><br />PS: There's a <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124763207577343651.html">second part</a> to the WSJ article, where Saraf extends the discussion - almost - to a second important question: does current management theory do justice, as yet, to business forms outside the West?RNhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08186223256896404183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-76299671222528699132009-07-10T12:51:00.001+01:002009-07-10T12:51:44.316+01:00<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/10/world/americas/10degrees.html?_r=2&hp">http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/10/world/americas/10degrees.html?_r=2&hp</a>sonlahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08802987047085010851noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-36201260925908547012009-05-20T10:04:00.003+01:002009-05-20T10:14:25.099+01:00Scramble for the ArcticDeja vu! Didn't Grant write his thesis on this?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13649265">http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13649265</a>Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-58176431813607165072009-05-18T22:04:00.002+01:002009-05-18T22:06:12.193+01:00Virtual Life, Virtual Death?Sorry for the delay, I've been without internet for a while. So its fitting that I bring you this article:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/05/18/death.online/index.html">http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/05/18/death.online/index.html</a>Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-46895897993932640422009-05-04T20:36:00.000+01:002009-05-04T20:37:02.535+01:00He Twitters, She Texts.Technology's role model in modern day romance:<br /><br />http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/03/AR2009050302184.html?nav=hcmodule&sub=ARUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-41302484816034760172009-03-05T05:05:00.002+00:002009-03-05T05:23:34.651+00:00Read Me A Story, Mr. Roboto<a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2212800">Slate article on the difficulties of text-to-speech conversion.</a><br /> <br />Should authors get an extra fee when Kindle's text-to-speech software is implemented on their writings?<br /><br />How far off is this technology?<br /><br />P.S. I have a special place in my heart for Speak & Spell. :)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-88526735403132930012009-02-04T23:39:00.002+00:002009-02-05T00:35:40.694+00:00Analog to Digital ConversionHopefully, you have been exempted from the excruciatingly repetitive advertisements warning of the shift from analog to digital television broadcasting. They air during what seems like every commercial break, and are more annoying than <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZThquH5t0ow">Surfing Bird</a>. I've been counting down the days in hopes I'd never need to see another commercial. But <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/02/04/digital.tv.delay.vote/index.html">congress</a> has decided to delay the shift because apparently not everyone is aware. <br /><br />Kudos to Missouri Rep. Roy Blunt for getting to the point: "If you don't know this date is coming up, you're probably not watching television, and if you're not watching television, you probably won't know on February 18 whether it occurred or not."<br /><br />Just make the switch, and let me enjoy my good ol' fashioned US <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc27i354h0Y">commercials</a> again. God bless America.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-50424366639514049582009-01-27T17:37:00.002+00:002009-01-27T17:58:00.493+00:00"Technology Gets a Piece of Stimulus"Excited about funneling money to electronic health records (How will we keep them secure? Biometrics!), but what function should technology play in a 21st century stimulus package when old-fashioned public works projects are time-tested?<br /><br />http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/technology/26techjobs.html?pagewanted=1&emUnknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-32053593546813346142009-01-21T21:22:00.002+00:002009-01-21T21:26:19.577+00:00What's going on in England?Hey guys, what's going on over there!? The US news media is overly preoccupied with the US economy, so we don't get much news about the UK...but this <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-galloway/will-obama-have-to-bail-o_b_159517.html" target="_blank">article</a> is terrifying. What is the feeling in the city?Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-19646363553726692072009-01-19T15:28:00.003+00:002009-01-19T15:53:09.596+00:00The Myth of the Autocratic RevivalInteresting <a href="http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=ddzk9fjw_83czdwxwd2" target="_blank">article</a> in the January/February <span style="font-style: italic;">Foreign Affairs </span>about the relationship between politics and economy...namely, capitalism in a liberal democracy (ie, US/UK) versus capitalism in an autocratic government (ie, China/Russia). The authors argue that capitalism is best supported by a liberal democracy, and that current autocratic nations will continue to liberalize as their rising middle class demands transparency and greater control over decisions impacting their lives and wealth.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-12149018211929373882009-01-16T01:57:00.002+00:002009-01-16T02:00:10.871+00:00Third Runway at HeathrowAfter years of debate, it looks like there will be a third runway at <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7829676.stm"target="_blank">Heathrow</a>.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-58709943938576553112009-01-08T18:50:00.001+00:002009-01-08T18:51:49.951+00:00Wall Street's Structure and the Root Causes of the Financial CrisisOne of the best and clearest explanations that I have read on the root causes of the financial crisis by someone who was lived through (and helped cause) several of them: http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200812/blodget-wall-streetG-Moneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04657779174524035941noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-35186574283515663582009-01-07T16:46:00.005+00:002009-01-07T16:48:55.876+00:00Chief Performance Officer of the United StatesObama just <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/01/07/transition.wrap/index.html">introduced</a> Nancy Killefer as the first Chief Performance Officer. She is a big-wig at McKinsey and will be tasked with making government more efficient. Will it work? Does corporate strategy have a place in government?Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-63272539600318836252008-12-25T17:58:00.003+00:002008-12-25T18:03:16.098+00:00The Value of BrandsWhat are the real values of the brands that businesses spend so much to build? Do they have tangible values that can be bought and sold, or are they more closely tied to actual products so that they can disappear overnight if product quality diminishes?<br /><br />In recent years there has been great focus on building brands and rating their values, but, like the sub-prime loan debacle, is this another case of assigning tenuous values to dubious qualities that could disappear overnight?<br /><br />http://www.thebigmoney.com/articles/hey-wait-minute/2008/12/22/whats-name-0?page=0,0G-Moneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04657779174524035941noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-74890253078767828742008-12-19T15:56:00.003+00:002008-12-19T15:58:41.643+00:00European Opposition to the US Auto "bridge loan"European automakers seem to <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7651257.stm">view</a> the US governments "bridge loan" to US automakers as an unfair subsidy to bolster competitiveness.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-14284136639620992832008-12-18T21:37:00.003+00:002008-12-18T21:57:33.916+00:00Obesity Tax?Interesting <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/12/18/paterson.obesity">article</a> by NY Governor David Paterson about childhood obesity. He wants to treat unhealthy food as any other consumable product and tax the hell out of it. yay for economics. How will food/beverage companies react? How will consumers, especially the poor, react? <br /><br />I'm especially concerned given the current debate of nationalized health care. I fear that future health care costs in the US will be significantly higher than they are today because of our unhealthy eating habits, and I wonder if proponents of 'universal health care' have accounted for these additional costs? Should healthy tax payers fund the by-pass surgery of a citizen who knowingly eats unhealthy food?<br /><br />In the current US insurance system, unhealthy citizens (ie, tobacco users) pay a higher insurance cost to compensate for the additional problems they will inevitably encounter.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-9037530375965139072008-12-09T21:55:00.001+00:002008-12-09T21:57:04.697+00:00John Bird, Founder of the Big Issuehttp://www.cambridgebusinesslectures.com/john-birds-talk-online/<br /><br />Good talk on social entrepreneurship.G-Moneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04657779174524035941noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-84701083127242316052008-12-09T13:32:00.003+00:002008-12-09T13:34:26.840+00:00Obama's team of centrist rivals......Jim Jones, Hilary Clinton, Rahm Emmanuel, Eric Shinseki, Larry Summers, etc. Recipe for success or disaster? And does he risk losing the left wing of the democratic party?G-Moneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04657779174524035941noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-54708512699849262112008-12-02T15:50:00.002+00:002008-12-02T15:54:48.586+00:00The Napoleon Dynamite ProblemRemember that PMP on prize money? <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/23/magazine/23Netflix-t.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=magazine">This contest "has galvanized nerds around the world."</a> Predicting human behavior...Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-86919312493554891112008-12-02T14:54:00.004+00:002008-12-03T23:35:38.980+00:00Does the free market corrode moral characterNot sure if you've been following the 'big questions' conversation in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Economist</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">Foreign Affairs</span> magazines, but the Templeton foundation will be hosting a webcast with 3 of the contributors on Wednesday, Dec 3 at 19:00 GMT.<br /><br /><a href="www.templeton.org/market">www.templeton.org/market</a><br /><br />About the Speakers<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Jagdish Bhagwati</span> is University Professor of economics and law at Columbia University, senior fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations, and the author of In Defense of Globalization. He writes widely on public policy and international trade.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">John Gray</span> is emeritus professor at the London School of Economics. Among his recent books are False Dawn: The Delusions of Global Capitalism (Granta) and Black Mass: Apocalyptic Religion and the Death of Utopia (Penguin).<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bernard-Henri Lévy</span>, the French philosopher, has written more than thirty books, including the New York Times bestseller American Vertigo (2006) and, most recently, Left in Dark Times: A Stand Against the New Barbarism (2008), both published by Random House. www.bernard-henri-levy.comBlakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-37842881985223392332008-11-21T20:13:00.002+00:002008-11-21T20:16:34.564+00:00Obama New DealGood <A HREF="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/20/badger.new.deal/">article</A> from a Cambridge Professor comparing and contrasting the situations inherited by FDR and Obama.Blakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10022162237032568520noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-22505624348098287362008-11-20T07:53:00.000+00:002008-11-20T07:55:45.519+00:00Wal-Mart Commits to Powering 360 Sites in Texas With Wind<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/19/AR2008111903586.html?hpid=sec-tech">"They have a very compelling case for their sustainability and environmental effort."</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6804802152746318140.post-35148893515141839632008-11-20T06:00:00.001+00:002008-11-20T06:03:21.192+00:00Chuckle from Texas Instruments<a href="http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/landing/thank-an-engineer/index.htm?DCMP=thank_an_engineer&HQS=NotApplicable+OT+thanks">THANK AN ENGINEER</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0